Revitalization of the Daugava Riverside by the City of Riga

Urban contextHistory and urban development alterationsRiga is the capital of Latvia which is a Northern territory of Europe. The city is acceptable known by the Historic nation engraved in UNESCO’s World Heritage List on 4 December 1997, is considered of one of the biggest and dynamic city in Northern Europe whit the whole nation is 304,2 square kilometers and the populace around 713,000 in tenants. The Riga city has a truly long and abundance history which has an incredible impact to the urban setting of the city. Especially in the 19Thursdayand 20Thursdaycentury, when World War I and World War II happened, the state is under controlled of Russian Empire ( 1721 †1917 ) , Germany ( 1917 †1918, 1941 †1944 ) and Soviet Union ( 1940 †1941, 1944 †1991 ) which changes the development each piece great as the way of life of individuals, the urban development and structural of the entire city is differed and complex. During the clasp of the Russian Empire and Germany, Riga is a seaport city which is the most vivacious and dynamic with more than 800,000 modern specialists from Baltic state, Riga become the third biggest city in term of the figure of laborers after Moscow and Saint Peterburg. The estimation of the Daugava stream and its waterfront was improved however it is commanded for ports and factories. As a result, the number of inhabitants in Riga city expanded quickly which obliged the interest of housing and infinites. More houses were manufactured yet blending to Russian military law, the individuals only have the consent to build wooden house in rural areas. In 1812, the wooden houses were devastated by war and they were revamped yet at the same time follow the old wooden signifier. In mid-nineteenth century, the wooden houses have brought up in figure and became encircled the city community. These houses these days is a legacy and influences firmly to the safeguarding strategy and urban hypothesis. In 1860, another maestro program with road, squares of level, interchange structure and park were built up. Another rail course was opened which animated the improvement of rural areas and plants, Riga port at that clasp has the most noteworthy gross in Russian Empire, the stream bank was grown quickly. It prompted an outcome that the monetary framework and the city life existed with a solid association which is the main nature of the improvement undertaking in the great beyond. In the time of So Viet Union, another urban program was affirmed with the structure of the enormous graduated table housing undertaking each piece known as â€Å"mikrorayon† and the railroad belt environing the city community. Other than that, the development with the basic height, for example, Television tower ( 368m ) , Latvian foundation of logical order ( 108m ) were worked, alongside it Numberss of engineering inclinations were showed up in the urban setting of Riga and one of those is the Art Nouveau which have explicit design and the limitation of building stature of 5 accounts. The adjustments in urban development in the Soviet Union occasions have the strong effects on the arrangement of conservation in the current clasp each piece so as the high limitation of structure in the city. Riga city from holding independency rock earth now ( 1991 †presently ) has the significant turn of events. After 1995, city began to remake the important structure and housing which is considered as a thunder in working at that cut, the administration and new guide buildings was set up in suburbia, endeavors have been made to recoup social image, memorable worth and houses which are lost after the second World War. In the Riga specific program of 2006 †2025, the new Riga community has been made with the dreams: arranged as a nation which is differentiate the Old Riga in the correct bank of Daugava waterway in a cutting edge design and development, brimming with guide and administrations in which concern maps play as an of import work. Decrease in movement power per unit region in the Old Riga community where the old dissemination framework to ensure the sparing plan of the old site. A global rivalry was hold by City of Riga to design the new Riga along the left bank of the Daugava River at that clip.Site contextThe riverbank of Daugava screens truly larges locale in the whole cityscape nation and travel alongside the advancement of Riga through authentic course of events when the city monetary framework and everyday life have a steady nexus with the stream Bankss. From the clasp when Riga was found as of not long ago, the waterway has an each irreplaceable bit non just in light of the fact that it is a city regular part however close to the finding in arranging and spacial independence of the city. For delineation, during the clasp of Russian Empire and Soviet Union, in view of the incredible capacity in H2O travel and industry, the city development has changed for the expectation of working housing for representatives and building railroad nations. From the actually in the blink of an eye time of 13Thursdaycentury, the foundation of Riga city was changed, for working and connecting marine with stream travel by flatboats on Daugava, the merchandisers in Riga have made a vivacious exchanging city focus, the course framework, building quality and loosened unending was improved for filling concern and weight. Until the 19Thursdaycentury, as a result of the fast industrialisation, the improvement of railways web and the bank of port establishments, the part of the ricer, for example, islands, waterfront, and so on was changed with the structure of mechanical items and distribution centers. It is thought to be an agreeable clasp of Riga Port each piece known as the significant port of the Russian Empire. Toward the start of 20Thursdaycentury, a part of Riga port was as yet arranged right inverse the Old city community. The guide of the market and the seaport was terminal in 1930 when the Central Market was built up and expansive open unbounded were made in the city place. In World War II, the waterway Bankss of Daugava were crushed, until 1949, they were recreate for fundamental and nearby travel requests. The port created more groun ded in lower Daugava, close to the Bay of Riga. At a similar clasp, the creating industrialized nations along the riverbank showed up structurally distractively and prevent the handiness of residents. Presents, Riga city has a create program to work and reproduce the estimation of the left bank and the correct bank of Daugava stream. The bing issue is crossing the waterway by Bridgess causes car influxes in flurry hours in light of the skyscraper of cars and individual travel implies. The infinites of Daugava waterway is characterized by its forsaken Bankss and aquatorium which is non viewed as a bit of join urban condition in truly and mentally. Yet, because of the effects in spacial creating and urban improvement in the days gone by, the Daugava stream can be comprehended as ‘the waterway of possibilities’( Dace Kalvane, 2010 ) . Its infinites can do a general situation of city position and lift. In any case, the handiness is forestall by bing foundations, for example, range dish slants and blood vessel streets which take bringing down the risks of waterway Bankss redevelopment and association for open network with waterfronts. The bustling traffic streams separate the strolling waies and preoccupation zones from the waterway Bankss. There is an inadequacy of bicycle streets framework in Daugava stream nations. Those things prompted an outcome that the waterway is about surrendered, it turned out to be all the more plainly when the old improvements which were made in the days of old have lost their capacity in city financial framework and flow advancements have no association with the stream. The improvement plans for Riga city from 2006 to 2025 hope to enliven the nexus with Daugava for doing a functioning waterfront. Along these lines, a shifted growth of the riverbanks from various nations, for example, compartment port and product house nation will be created. The structure of business, touristry destinations, dull walk ways and bicycle streets which start from suburbia to city focus would be an intriguing vision of substructures.Undertaking analysingUndertaking debutThe building, restoration of Daugava riverbank and new present day urban one-fourth every piece great as its occupations being developed has become a test and boss request in a few rivalries and workshops hold by the City of Riga. One of those is the finish named â€Å"The forthcoming structure on Mukusalas Street, Buru Street un Kilevina Ditch† happened in 2006 to 2007. As the victor of this opposition, the endeavor called â€Å"City of squares city of towers† presented a major nation of new urban tissue on the left bank of Daugava waterway which is inverse with Old Riga place and has the main quality is the H2O components and its of import work in the history. The endeavor has a place with the expansion of ensured UNESCO zone. The proposed maestro program incorporates the advancement of an arrangement of squares, open infinites, blend utilized building and flexibleness. Those squares and towers contribute in indicating their dynamic encompassing and development nation. Moreover, providing possible standards to ensure an enunciated fellowship become more cardinal than the components make it. The main purposes of this endeavor is the frameworks of squares and tower which make the casing position of create nation of Riga city. The new create nation is the hypothetical record of since quite a while ago run vison of the city, make another full guide which parcel the power per unit region of travel and tenant with the Old Riga community, helping with sparing the development and legacy which is the most point gone to in embraced over the universe in overall and in Europe unconventionally. In the article â€Å"Measuring urb

Coming to the New World essays

Going to the New World expositions Going to the New World was a significant headway in the lives of numerous Spanish, French, and English individuals between the long stretches of 1942-1629. The relocation affected the lives significantly. They will come to see that in the coming years nearly everything will change from religion to their kinds of settlement. The job of religion was significant, for it had a monstrous control over the European culture. Christianity changed over all of Europe including the Spanish, French, and English. Christian tenet gave a typical comprehension of God. The congregation gave authority and order in the general public. Each town had a congregation, which felt that Satan continually tested God by enticing individuals into insidious. Christianity had assumed a significant job in Portugal and Spain, yet it separated Europe into Catholics and Protestants. A protestant insubordination in the Spanish Netherlands depleted the abundance of the Spanish and offered assets to venture into North America and brought another effect of European and Indian individuals. After some time, the Catholic Church had gotten huge and rich, controlling assets all through Europe. In 1517, a German priest and teacher, Martin Luther, sold guilty pleasures. These were church declarations that acquitted a miscreant from disciplines in the hereafter. He was excommunicauhujuujjujjted by the pope and compromised with discipline by King Charles I of Spain. He was ensured by a northern German princess and couldn't be captured. After Luther, came a French scholar from Switzerland named John Calvin. He focused on power of God and the defilement of human instinct. He lectured the convention of destiny, the possibility that God picked certain individuals for salvation even before they were conceived. He appeared to Christians and said to individuals that they required an individual relationship with God. Calvin had faith in a God that gave what he got and furthermore that pious individuals could change government. Individuals starte... <!

Case Study analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Contextual investigation examination - Essay Example An association without a dream, strategic, and values is bound to fall flat. It is difficult for such an association to have the option to set their objectives and targets. The association has no characterized future and doesn't have a clue what it exists to do. Vision, strategic qualities help an association to have shared objectives and goals in an association. The administration hopes to augment the degree of their benefits. They additionally hope to bring down their working expenses. Thinking about the degree of rivalry in the business, the administration hopes to have a reasonable advantage over their rivals. The administration likewise hopes to have the ideal individuals for the activity. They hope to be treated with deference and respect. They likewise expect the organization will create results of high caliber that will address their issues. The clients expect the organization will have the ongoing innovation to improve their productivity. There is a fast difference in innovation, and the organization wouldn't like to receive the new changes. The companies’ workforce has changed with time just as their needs. The organization needs to adjust to the progressions and become familiar with the necessities of its workforce so as to keep them fulfilled in the activity. The organization likewise needs to become familiar with the changing needs of the client so as to stay serious in the market. The administrator (Meyerson) moral improvement is inside the phase of the implicit agreement. Meyerson values various feelings and the privileges of representatives. The chief accepts that the association ought to receive arrangements that lead as per the general inclination of most of laborers. The administrator has concocted new administration styles that lead as per the general inclination of most of the workers. Meyerson has opened the correspondence divert in the association for workers to get to him legitimately. He has likewise grasped the issues of the workforce as issues of the entire association. (Robbins, 2005) The model is perfect in assessment of key

Jujitsu - The Gentle Art Essays - Jujutsu, Strike,

Jujitsu - The Gentle Art Jujitsu - The Gentle Craftsmanship To an individual not acquainted with this workmanship, Jujitsu might be considered as a foul or harsh term in Japanese. Nonetheless, Jujitsu us one of the best and dangerous types of military expressions educated today. Special among different types of battle, Jujitsu holds the situation of a parent workmanship, of from which different types of hand to hand fighting for example, Aikido, Judo and a few Karate styles were extricated. Jujitsu is a mix of all degrees of battle. It joins gags, striking, catching, nerve and weight point assaults, joint locks, redirection of force and tosses. The specific roots of Jujitsu are indistinct, as the greater part of its history was passed on in the oral convention. The couple of early composed references show that its causes go back to Japanese folklore, where it is said that the divine beings, Kajima and Kadori, utilized Jujitsu to train the untamed and wild occupants of the Eastern areas. Thusly, by definition, the craftsmanship is almost 2000 years of age, anyway records do exist which show that the craftsmanship was being polished as far back as the eighth Century, more than twelve hundred years prior. Jujitsu was formalized and generally famous during the Edo time of Japan. This was the time of the Samurai. Jujitsu was the Samurai's principle set of battle methods, after the blade. Jujitsu was a piece of the Samurai's battling aptitudes, something he could utilize when he couldn't utilize his preferred weapon. There are various styles of Jujitsu that exist far and wide, and a wide range of approaches to really spell the name. The first spelling got legitimately from the Japanese was Jujitsu. As the notoriety and practice of this military workmanship spread across Europe, the spelling and articulation had to change. This happened during World War II, when the name Jujitsu must be changed to Jiu-jitsu (articulated Jeeu-jitsu). This name-change happened in light of the fact that the Germans possessing the territory at the time guaranteed that the name looked like jew, which was unlawful to be spoken. Thusly the name was marginally adjusted with the goal that the workmanship could proceed to exist and be instructed all through Europe. In spite of the thing that matters is spelling, the significance of the words is essentially the equivalent. The strict significance of the name is the delicate craftsmanship, be that as it may, since there can be a wide range of interpretations of Japanese words, Ju can likewise mean delicate, yielding, flexible what's more, adaptable, which are extremely significant essential standards in this perilous craftsmanship. Jujitsu works on the idea that power ought to never be met with power. Rather, to keep away from an approaching assault, Jujitsu educates to divert the vitality made by the assault into a counter move, rather than neutralizing the assaulting power. Jujitsu is in some cases alluded to as a total and progressively adjusted workmanship. This is on the grounds that it uses all parts of various hand to hand fighting, joining both standing and ground battling. Absolutely a puncher or kicker is off guard on the off chance that they permit themselves to be taken to the ground. The grappler, or ground-contender, is at a hindrance to remain outside and attempt to utilize hits with a striker. Along these lines, a military craftsman with both standing and catching abilities has a superior, and some may think about uncalled for, advantage over his adversary. Another favorable position of Jujitsu is the capacity to change procedures to address the issues of the circumstance and capacities of the understudy, as certain methods work better than others dependent on tallness, weight and physical abilities and constraints. Jujitsu What's more, Jujitsu understudies are educated to do anything in their capacity to conquer a rival, a training that causes a great deal of discussion in the hand to hand fighting network. It is absolutely normal to see a Jujitsu understudy being educated to gouge the eyeball, break or disengage an appendage, smash the windpipe or even break the neck of a rival. These methods are educated to be utilized distinctly in outrageous conditions, anyway they outline well the deadly idea of the craftsmanship to overcome an adversary with as meager time and vitality spent as could reasonably be expected. It is no big surprise that Jujitsu is educated to American and Russian Special Powers, just as armed forces and police units around the globe. For me, Jujitsu has gotten a most esteemed piece of my life. It isn't just about figuring out how to survive an adversary, it is a lifestyle. It has trained me control and self-assurance, while helping me ensure myself and turn away conceivable injury in those conditions where my companions or I have been under danger of, or amidst real assault. In spite of the fact that I have just started

Explain Strategies Used in Health and Social Care Environments to Overcome Barriers to Effective Communication Essay

P4 â€Å"Explain methodologies utilized in wellbeing and social consideration conditions to beat hindrances to powerful communication† Effective correspondence is a piece of the center aptitudes required by all wellbeing and social consideration professionals to guarantee that they are viable at addressing the necessities of the individuals who utilize the administrations. So as to create successful relational abilities, professionals should know about and actualize the utilization of correspondence hypotheses. A wide scope of correspondence speculations exist to help successful correspondence among experts and individuals who utilize the administrations inside wellbeing and social consideration situations. Language †If the person’s first language isn’t English this can cause a tremendous obstruction, particularly if the individual doesn’t know an expression of English. To beat this obstruction, it may be fitting for carers to apply for a backer or interpreter to enable this individual to feel progressively great in the consideration setting. Discourse challenges or aphasia †Aphasia is the place an individual is truly incapable to talk; this might be because of an ongoing stroke or some psychological weakness. For this situation, it is essential to utilize some other type of correspondence other than verbal correspondence. Realistic or authority types of correspondence can be utilized to comprehend what the person’s needs are. Certainty issues †Someone who is timid may not feel good to verbally convey their necessities; for this situation, a carer would need to guarantee the individual had some other method of imparting for example Paper and pen to graphically impart their requirements. It is significant for all customers to feel good around carers, so they can impart their necessities successfully. Inabilities †(physical, learning, mental); an individual with a learning trouble, contingent upon how serious, may think that its difficult to impart non-verbally or graphically, in this manner may think that its simpler to verbally convey. A physical incapacity may forestall somebody really getting to the administrations they need, not to mention the consideration they need; for this situation, carers need to help those customers however much as could reasonably be expected. This should be possible by a carer going into the person’s home; it should likewise be possible by social laborers giving Meals-on-wheels administrations to the individuals who are house-bound. Discourse people group †This is the place individuals have a particular method of conversing with individuals of a similar age; this can cause an obstruction in light of the fact that an individual may utilize language that a carer may not comprehend. This can likewise incorporate clinical wording or language; if a specialist utilizes a great deal of specialized terms while portraying an ailment or ailment to a patient, the patient is probably going to not comprehend what's going on, so it is significant for the specialist to utilize language that the patient gets it. Timing †A carer must pick the opportune time to proceed to speak with a help client as they may not be prepared to get significant data or they may not be in right temper. This would cause a hindrance since they won’t have the option to effectively process the data. To conquer this hindrance, the carer must ask the administration client when might be the best time to talk. Ecological issues †To discuss adequately with an assistance client, nature must be correct. Having commotion, temperature excessively high or excessively low, mistaken lighting or others in the room can make obstructions correspondence. To beat this boundary you should ensure there is no foundation commotion with the goal that the administration client isn't occupied. Ensuring the temperature isn't excessively high or too low can make hindrances correspondence as an unacceptable room temperature can cause the administration client to feel awkward. When offering data to an assistance client, ensure there is nobody else in the room as this could cause the administration client to feel awkward. Tangible hardship †When working in the wellbeing and social consideration part, all things considered, you’ll go over assistance clients who have a visual or hearing impedance, to conquer this hindrance you should ensure you know elective strategies for correspondence for instance; Sign language, else it would be close to difficult to impart to the administration client in the event that he/she is hard of hearing and you can’t sign. You could likewise ensure administration client has portable amplifier turned on.

Summary of the Semester

Summary of the Semester Im a senior! And its November of my senior year at MIT! Crazyyyyy. So many crazy things. So much has changed. So where did it go? Whats been going on? I Moved Off-Campus Me once the frosh obsessed with my living group and my hall and everything surrounding MIT culture, now lives an eight minute bike ride north of MIT. Well, a little longer than that since I sprained my ankle(s). But about eight minutes. I love it. My cat is happier than ever, and Im with my good friend, Dan S. 17, who just got back from a year on leave from MIT. I live right near work, and a great taco place. When I got my first utility bill, I got super excited to be a real person. Like a real person who pays bills. But then I paid the bills, and I wasnt happy anymore. I (Still) Have An Amazing Cat Do you want to see a picture of my cat? Of course you do! SHES SO GREAT! Ive been spending A LOT of time with Rory. Ive grown a little cat crazy. Okay, Ive always been cat crazy. I Work at an Awesome Place I have a job! At Formlabs! I play with liquid photopolymers for about 12 hours each week! And we make pretty resin! Heres a video: Also, we just announced a new printer the Form 2. All super exciting! I really like working part-time at Formlabs. Ive been working part-time or full-time as an intern since this past January, and Ive enjoyed all my time there. Also, my team got me this shirt! Best job ever working with the best people ever :) Cool Classes that I Genuinely Enjoy I actually enjoy all of my classes. Im taking poetry, journalism, experimental writing, and biomaterials: tissue engineering. I really like all of the professors and classmates and discussions and lectures, and I think this is a really great semester class-wise. I hope I can get three of these classes to count towards my major requirements. Fingers crossed!!! I Got a Hamster Her name is Princess Leia!! Shes a princess. She lives in a castle I plan on expanding. I want to buy her a crown. Making Time for Playing Games Twenty-Four Formlings (People who work at Formlabs) started a game of Neptunes Pride a couple of weeks ago, and we have been taking over the universe one star planet thingy at a time. It has gotten violent, with people cursing, offering drinks (someone from Hungary is getting me a chocolate martini when he comes to the states!), and forming alliances and strict enemies. Its really intense. Well, thats mostly it right now, besides actively looking for a full-time job for next year. Ahhhhh the stress!!!!!! To end this post in style, here is a picture of Rory.

A Father’s Influence

   My teacher training began around age eight. After my grandfather died, we moved to be closer to my grandmother, and my father changed careers from accounting to teaching. This is truly his gift. He took a job at small private school, teaching middle school science, history, and anything else they needed taught. Infectiously, he taught the students to love science through the experiments he led, weekend field trips he scheduled on his own time, fun films, and as few lectures as possible, referring to the textbook only when necessary. He didn’t want his students memorizing long definitions for the test; instead, he encouraged them to write them in their own words so that he could see they understood. Many nights my mom stayed up late typing tests because Dad didn’t want to use the ones that accompanied the textbook—too many multiple choice and true/false questions. Oh, and he never, ever, got to the end of the textbook. The result? Parents who came to him, sometime s with tears in their eyes, telling him this was the first time their students had enjoyed science. Some of his students had even changed their possible career path to something science-related, all because a teacher was passionate about his subject and desired to awaken a love of learning in his students. How does this connect to IEW? When I first watched Teaching Writing: Structure and Style, something resonated deep within me. The same strong teaching skills I had seen in my father in his science classes were being taught by Andrew Pudewa in the context of writing classes. When someone asks me if the Teaching Writing: Structure and Style set is necessary for teaching writing, I always reply that it is necessary for teaching, period. The teaching methodology Andrew presents gave me concrete ways to teach any subject, particularly writing, that fit with the type of teaching my father had modeled all those years ago. Strong teaching skills plus a love for students and a love for learning brings a love of learning to those students. Most homeschool moms already love their students and enjoy learning. Add to that the teaching skills taught in Teaching Writing: Structure and Style and you have a recipe for success.    Danielle Olander, an IEW ® Accomplished Instructor, is the author of  Rockets, Radar, and Robotics. Married to her college sweetheart, Ray, and a homeschooling mom of five amazing children, she teaches several of IEW's  online writing classes. After graduating from her parents’ homeschool in the pioneer days of homeschooling, Danielle graduated summa cum laude with her B.A. in English/History Education from Cornerstone University, Grand Rapids, MI. Log in or register to post commentsDanielle Olanders blog Log in or register to post comments

Power Has Many Definitions - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 749 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/07/30 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: King Lear Essay William Shakespeare Essay Did you like this example? Power has many definitions, but in King Lear, power seems to be defined as ones ability or capacity too direct and influence others as well as the current course of events. Power is incredibility corruptive and this is proven many times over by the main characters of the play. King Lear serves as an excellent commentary on the nature of political power, while also showcasing a brutal portrayal of authority when it goes wrong. The play does a great deal of reflecting on how the nature of power affects individuals as well as larger groups. The play showcases time It must be noted that both King Lear and Gloucester both consistently turn away or ignore the individuals who have the best intentions for them. They are so afraid of losing their dominance that they both mistrust their most loyal children. Their power has made them increasingly blind to the people they surround themselves with; King Lears oldest two daughters clearly have no love for him and scheme to take his power, yet the two most trustworthy people in his circle, Cordelia and Kent, are treated with scorn and punished. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Power Has Many Definitions" essay for you Create order Lear has become pompous and shallow in his time as king, and obviously prefers flattery to honesty. This seems to be a common side effect of unchecked power, and this is without a doubt King Lears undoing. He is unable to understand what really matters and values the fake flattery of his bad daughters over the honesty of his daughters, which ends up causing chaos for himself, his family and the rest of Britain. King Lears fear of losing relevance and authority ironically creates a self-fulfilling prophecy, and his own actions result in his downfall. Power is shown many times throughout the play to be incredibly corruptive. Gloucesters title and power are largely responsible for the rift between him Edmund. He feels the need to distance himself from Edmund because he is a bastard, and he consistently reminds Edmund of that fact. Power makes Gloucester put his power above his family, and this results in tragedy for all. Gloucester was blind to his faults, and because of his blindness he was eventually actually blinded in an ironic, terrible twist of fate. Had Gloucester loved and treated his bastard son the same way he loved and treated his legitimate son Edgar, much of the tragedy that took place in the play could have been avoided. The play leads us to understand just how much wickedness in people power inspires. Edmund starts out as a character who inspires sympathy, but quickly becomes one of the plays leading villains in his hunt for recognition and authority. Edmund is not a villain at first, but we are clearly show how easily the hunt for power leads to betrayal, and how easily is can affect ones character. Goneril and Regans are villains from the start of the play, but their thirst for power transforms them into actual evil beings. The sisters go from simply scheming to steal parts of their fathers kingdom to planning war against other countries and actual murder. Goneril murders her own sister in her quest for dominance, and this is probably the harshest example in the play of the wickedness of power. One of the most important lessons that can be taken from the play is the finality of mistakes. King Lear sets the stage for his demise at the very beginning of the play; he banishes the only daughter that truly loves him, and gives all his power and his kingdom to his scheming evil daughters. Gloucester also has a hand in his own untimely end, as his continued alienation of his bastard son causes bitterness in his son, leading Edmund to betray his family. Even at the end of the play mistakes ring with finality, when Edmund wishes to make up for his wrongdoings and save Cordelia, but the girl has already been put to death. King Lear is a classic example of the corrupting potential of power its downfalls. The majority of the characters that come into some sort of power meet their ends, often orchestrating their own demises in their attempts to gain authority. King Lear raises many important questions about power and its nature, but one thing is clear: the definition of power is flexible, but the reality of it is not. Power is not a tangible object; it only has the weight that it is given. Power is what you make it and nothing more.

Analysis Of New Jim Crow - 1364 Words

Moreover, the facts that Alexander present in The New Jim Crow clashed with my view of the world in that although I appreciated the facts presented as the reality of what goes on in the world, it showed me that the through the laws enacted and through institutions, the society plays a role in creating and perpetuating the new caste system. This is evident when Alexander (2012) explains that the social racial control not only manifests itself through the justice system but also in the structure of the society, which is seen when those incarcerated have served their time and have been released from prison. She refers to Iron Marion’s â€Å"birdcage† metaphor to explain the lives of returning citizens and those on parole. The â€Å"birdcage metaphor†¦show more content†¦It also restricts returning citizen from transforming their lives and instead puts them in a box, which often leads them to commit more crimes, be arrested, and receive another felon brand. To effectively show how being branded a ‘felon’ affects returning citizens, Alexander (2012) writes on how regardless of whether they have committed a crime, black males in urban ghettos are treated like current or future criminals and that although one may eventually learn to cope with the stigma of criminality, like the stigma of race, the black males in the ghetto cannot fully escape the prison label. She puts the thoughts of returning citizens about the issue. She quotes one ex-offender who said, â€Å"The biggest hurdle you gotta get over when you walk out these prison gates is shame-that shame, that stigma, that label, that thing you wear around your neck saying, ‘I’m a criminal.’ It’s like a yoke around your neck, and it’ll drag you down, even kill you if you let it† (Alexander, 162). She continues by quoting the sentiment shared by an incarcerated woman who says, â€Å"When I leave here it will be very difficult for me in the sense that I’m a felon. That I will always be a felon†¦for me to leave here, it will affect my job, it will affect my education†¦ People that are convicted of drug crimes can’t even get housing anymore†¦Yes, I did my prison time. How long are you going to punish me as a result of it?† (Alexander, 106). I like that Alexander includes realShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Article The New Jim Crow 1670 Words   |  7 Pagesagain in the image of the plantation, Jim Crow, the ghetto and now the prison-industrial complex. Building off this, Michelle Alexander, in her article â€Å"The New Jim Crow, explores how this this timeless paradigm manifest currently, explaining that the manifestation of the prison system is the new Jim Crow. She explains that this occurs through the over-representation of minorities in prison and then their subjection to laws which effectively replicate Jim Crow. 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The author proves that racism thrives by highlighting theRead MoreAnalysis Of Glenda Gilmore s On Interracial Dynamics1282 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of Glenda Gilmore’s Essay on Interracial Dynamics in the Jim Crow Era Glenda Gilmore, in her essay â€Å"Forging Interracial Links in the Jim Crow South,† attempts to tackle the charged concepts of feminism and race relations during the infamous Jim Crow era. Her analysis focuses on both the life and character of a black woman named Charlotte Hawkins Brown, a highly influential member of the community of Greensboro, North Carolina. Brown defied the odds given her gender and race and rose toRead More C. Vann Woodwards The Strange Career of Jim Crow Essay1719 Words   |  7 PagesWoodwards The Strange Career of Jim Crow In the field of history, it is rare that an author actually comes to shape the events discussed in their writing. However, this was the case for C. Vann Woodward and his book, The Strange Career of Jim Crow. First published in 1955, it discusses this history of race relations in America, more specifically the Jim Crow laws he equates with the segregation of races. Woodward argues that segregation itself was a fairly new development within the South,Read MoreThe New Jim Crow by Michelle Alexander960 Words   |  4 PagesThe New Jim Crow by Michelle Alexander tries to advance intellectual dialogue regarding mass incarceration in the United States. Alexander does this by carrying out a historical analysis of the process in which the correctional system controls African Americans through intentionally selected, and systematically sanctioned legal limits. In fact, the United States incarceration rate is not at peak by coincidence. Moreover, it is not coincidental that Black men and w omen make up the majority of thisRead MoreA Deeper Analysis On The Aspect Of Race As Local Color1565 Words   |  7 PagesA Deeper Analysis on the Aspect of Race as Local Color: Jim Crow Laws Imagine you are a person of color in the early to mid 1900’s. You the mother of three young children. Despite your best intentions, your children are forced to grow up in poverty. When you direct them out of the house to go to school, they see the all the white boys and girls walking toward one school and all of the black boys and girls walking to another. Imagine being asked by your children why they don’t go to school with theRead MoreThe Breakdown Of The New Jim Crow Essay1474 Words   |  6 PagesThe Breakdown of The New Jim Crow Some say that nothing is ever truly brought to an end and that everything that once was will be again. 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I would like to start by delving into howRead MoreRacism And Incarceration Rates Among African Americans And Hispanics Essay1581 Words   |  7 Pagesoccurrence. In order to fully understand the reason, there is a need to review the history of the United States. Through the review, it is clear that the past arrest patterns is more an indicator of institutional racism still exists in this country. The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness is a book by Michelle Alexander, who is a civil rights litigator and legal scholar. The book discusses racial issues related to African-Americans and mass incarceration in the United States. Alexander

Essay on Hamlet and Gatsby Comparison - 1114 Words

Love is an essential part of life. Every individual wants to be loved, and needs someone to love. It is an element that is fundamental to the well-being of all human kind; it is that magic that can heal wounds. However love also has the capacity to traumatize a person if it is extracted from their life. While we all wish to experience love, many of us tend to find the often inevitable detachment to be quite painful. In the novel The Great Gatsby, Jay Gatsbys longing for Daisy Buchanan leads him to his own downfall. Similarly in the novel Hamlet, Hamlets extreme love for his father and his hatred towards his mother play a major role in his tragedy. In these works, there are a number of motivating factors that contribute to the downfall†¦show more content†¦They believe it is because Ophelia, his former lover, left upon words of her father. Hamlet procrastinated in the killing of Claudius as he waited for his confession. Hoping to inspire a confession, Young Hamlet puts on a play that resembles what truly happened to King Hamlet to catch the conscious of Claudius. But more truthfully, Hamlet sought to prove to his mother that she was wrong in her actions after her husband’s death. Hamlet later sees Claudius alone praying, and although he would have been an easy target, Hamlet refrains from killing him then because he believed that Claudius should be able to make peace with God and go to heaven upon his death. In reality, Claudius was not indeed praying, and thus Hamlet missed his only opportunity to avenge his father’s death. This event ultimately led to Hamlets own death when Claudius realized Hamlets motives and wanted to get rid of him. Hamlet’s love for his father drove him to lose his love, Ophelia, his friends, and his life. Hamlet and Gatsby are similar in that they are willing to go through so much to the point where it leads to their death, so as to bring happiness to those whom they love. Being accepted by â€Å"old mon ey† was very important to Jay Gatsby. He thought that if he was accepted by this elite group he will be able to win over Daisy, the woman he had come to love. Yet his unwillingness to trust himself and to be proud of who he was lead toShow MoreRelatedTragedy: Shakespeares Hamlet and Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby1007 Words   |  5 PagesIn the play Hamlet by William Shakespeare and the novel The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, the objective is to divulge the quintessence of humanity. Although the protagonists in both works of literature have drastically different journeys that lead to climactic endings, the use of plot is to demonstrate that the essence of mankind is ultimately a tragedy if great care is not taken. Both Hamlet and Jay Gatsby are unable to focus on the reality of the situation, and rather waste valuable timeRead MoreGatsby and Hamlet Essays2219 Words   |  9 PagesExamining Hamlet and The Great Gatsby 1/9/13 According to Roger Lewis, â€Å"The acquisition of money and love are both part of the same dream, the will to return to the quintessential unity that exists only at birth and at death† (41). In both William Shakespeares play, Hamlet, and F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, the protagonists are willing to sacrifice all that they have in order to achieve their unrealistic objectives and ambitions, resulting in their tragic demises. While thereRead MoreThe Character Charlie From The Novel And How His Growth757 Words   |  4 Pagesof Being a Wallflower† to other novels in order to better understand the story. This article discusses the connection’s between â€Å"The Perks of Being a Wallflower† with other popular novels like ‘To Kill a Mockingbird†, â€Å"The Great Gatsby†, â€Å"The Catcher in The Rye† and â€Å"Hamlet†. This article discusses the different genres of many novels and how they apply to â₠¬Å"The Perks of Being a Wallflower†. The author focuses on Intertextuality through out the whole article, which creates a better understanding forRead MoreCompare the Great Gatsby and Hamlet2641 Words   |  11 PagesMelody Akinduro ENG4U Ms.Jackson 8th of January 2012. The Journal Of The Great Gatsby JOURNAL ONE The great Gatsby book started with a man telling us his father advised him never to criticize anyone , he said his father told him he should remember that all this people in this world havent had the advantages that youve had and his father thought him how to be reserved. He also have good manners and a well honourable character. Nick just graduated from yale university and heRead MoreThe Adaptation of Books and Short Stories Into Films2345 Words   |  9 PagesFrankenstein takes a number of liberties with Mary Shellys original story, and thus is a prime example of the second form of adaptation. Directed by James Whale, the 1931 Frankenstein simplifies the original story and changes the ending, and based on a comparison between the book and the film, one may reasonably presume that these changes were the result of technical limitations and a desire to make the story more palatable for a wider audience. The monster is turned into a hulking, simple-minded brute,Read MoreStudy Guide Li terary Terms7657 Words   |  31 Pageshe waged war on Cyrus he would destroy a great empire, Croesus thought the oracle meant his enemys empire. In fact, the empire Croesus destroyed by going to war was his own 6. analogy- A comparison of two different things that are alike in some way (see metaphor and simile). Analogy is the comparison of two pairs which have the same relationship. The key is to ascertain the relationship between the first so you can choose the correct second pair. Part to whole, opposites, results of are typesRead MoreMedia Magic Making Class Invisible2198 Words   |  9 PagesFalse Gems: An Analysis Essay (views: 402) A More Perfect Union: Usage Of Ethos, Logos, Pathos (views: 392) Shoe Horn Sonata Speech (views: 388) The Solitary Reaper Analysis (views: 364) Analysis Of Graduation By Maya Angelou (views: 360) Hamlet Soliloquy Act 4 Scene 4 (views: 344) Shoe Horn Sonata (views: 342) Americans Place Too Much Empasis On Physical Appearance (views: 334) The Richer The Poorer (views: 333) Analysis Of Still I Rise (views: 327) Life And Death Of Troy MaxsonRead MoreHow To Write Literary Analysis4174 Words   |  17 Pagesevidence and arguments. The thesis statement is the heart of the literary essay, and the bulk of your paper will be spent trying to prove this claim. A good thesis will be: Arguable. â€Å"The Great Gatsby describes New York society in the 1 920s† isn’t a thesis— it’s a fact. Provable through textual evidence. â€Å"Hamlet is a confusing but ultimately very wellwritten play† is a weak thesis because it offers the writer’s personal opinion about the book. Yes, it’s arguable, but it’s not a claim that can be provedRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagescharacters include the protagonists in most novels, which by virtue of their very size and scope provide excellent vehicles for illustrating the process of change. So-called initiation novels, such as David Copperfield, Huckleberry Finn and the Great Gatsby, are examples. In each case the author has arranged the events of the plot so that they reveal the slow and painful maturing of the young protagonist coming into contact with the world of adult experience. Static characters leave the plot as they

The First Case Of Hiv ( Human Immunodeficiency Virus )

Scientific advances have progressed dramatically over the last century, many of which have led to global health being improved, life expectancy increasing in many countries around the world and the quality of people’s lives being enhanced. Various disease, which were once seen as life threating, now can be easily diagnosed and simply treated due to advances in medicines and technology. In the past twenty years, there have been a few scientific advances, which have stood out among the rest. The first case of HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus) was detected in the United States in 1981, and by 1983, it had been documented in South Africa. Starting with only a few cases here and there, it eventually became the largest epidemic of modern†¦show more content†¦Improving gender equality in these areas and reducing drug use and needle swapping are also seen as preventions. Treatment for HIV has improved drastically over the last 20 years. Antiretroviral drugs are medication that attack and destroy the retrovirus. In 1995, the FDA approved antiretroviral therapy (ART). This is where the patient takes two to three types of medication, as single therapy is not advised, this improves treatment as the different drugs work together to combat the virus. Haart is an antitrtrovirus therapy, which was introduced in 1996. It has shown to reduce death rate and hospital admission; it has also shown to decrease transmission of the disease. The use of haart in developing countries has shown a huge reduction in mortality and morbidity, associated with HIV, also seen to slow progression of AIDS. This is due to is lowering viral load in the patients’ blood and sexual fluids. In Antiretroviral dug used in these therapies are very important, the combination of drugs work by stopping the virus from replicating. Also the anti-retroviral medicine used, in many cases c an increase their CD4 and their T cell counts. This will leading to patients quality of life improving and allowing longevity of life. This has shown to be a huge advance help improve patients’ lives and the life expectancy of people who live with HIV/AIDS. Cancer effects millions of people around the world, it is said that 1 in 2 of people in the UK

Billy elliot powerpoint Free Essays

Emotive language Remember to include: Persuasive techniques such as rhetorical questions, Purpose and audience The structure and conventions of a letter repetition and inclusive language. All of you will be able to write clearly and consistently, maintaining the reader’s interest throughout. Most of you will use persuasive techniques in your writing, considering the effect on the audience. We will write a custom essay sample on Billy elliot powerpoint or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some of you will use appropriate conventions to suit purpose and audience e. G. Billy’s. Point of view. Reading IF Use a range of strategies including accurate decoding of text, to read for meaning. Writing Writing imaginative, interesting and thoughtful texts. FAA Produce texts which are appropriate to task, reader and purpose. Extension task: Consider how Billy’s situation would be different today. – Has the impact of stereotypes changed, or do we still base our judgments upon them? How to cite Billy elliot powerpoint, Papers

Dopamine Essay Research Paper Dopamine free essay sample

Dopamine Essay, Research Paper Dopamine As the chemical responsible for the enjoyable esthesiss felt by the human encephalon, Dopastat has been found to be active in many facets of every twenty-four hours life. Any physiological action that receives a positive feedback, such as a handshaking, a buss, or the usage of a drug, can do the degree of Dopastat activity in the encephalon to increase. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that relays messages from one nerve cell to the following. Through axons, nerve cells influence neurological activity in many parts, specifically the karyon accumbens. The nucleus accumbens is a crude construction that is considered to be the centre for pleasance. When the molecule reaches the terminal of the axon, it is released into the synapse ( the part between the axon stoping and the receiving system cells ) where the Dopastat binds to the receptors of the following cell. Then it is either reabsorbed, or catabolized by the enzyme monoamine oxidase ( MAO ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Dopamine Essay Research Paper Dopamine or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page At the chemical degree, every experience that a individual finds gratifying sums to an surplus of Dopastat at the axon terminations of the karyon accumbens. Keeping the proper balance of Dopastat in the encephalon is critical to survival. For illustration, if degrees are excessively low such as in the significant nigger, so the individual may see the shudders and motion upset of Parkinson? s disease. On the other manus, if the degrees of Dopastat are excessively high, the individual may see hallucinations and the thought upset feature of schizophrenic disorder. In 1975, psychologists Roy Wise and Robert Yokel of Concordia University in Montreal made a find while working with drug addicted rats. Initially, the rats were taught to force a lever that would let go of a narcotic in the signifier of a pellet. After being injected with a dopamine-blocking chemical, the rats would force the lever as many times as possible. It is believed that this showed that the degrees of Dopastat in the encephalon are straight affected by narcotics. That is, narcotics had the ability to change the Dopastat procedure. Drug such as diacetylmorphine, pep pills, and marijuana all trigger the release of extra Dopastat, whereas cocaine blocks Dopastat release. Dopamine is believed to be an of import portion in the acquisition procedure. Dr. P. Read Montague, of the Center for Theoretical Neuroscience at Houston? s Baylor College of Medicine, has said that people should? believe of Dopastat as the proverbial carrot, a wages the encephalon doles out to webs of nerve cells for doing survival-enhancing choices. ? It is non to the full understood how this procedure is put into pattern, but Montague and his co-workers of the Salk Institute in San Diego and M.I.T. have developed a trial theoretical account they believe to be an accurate representation of the dopamine rhythm. Montague developed a computing machine plan that simulated bees involved in garnering nectar. The practical flowers ranged from really sweet, to non sweet at all. This system was intended to stand for the action of Dopastat being used as a wages. They found that 85 % of the clip, the bees would travel to the flowers that were sweet. The flowers had been programmed with a dopamine-like wages system that would travel into consequence when 1 of the bees would set down on a sweet flower. It is believed that a similar system works in the human encephalon. When a individual learns a new endurance maneuver, it is considered that the encephalon releases an extra sum of Dopastat, so that the individual feels compelled to reiterate the action. One of these actions may be to eat in the forenoon, or to analyze for a trial. In add-on to commanding dependence, Dopastat besides functions as an inhibitor in the carotid organic structure. There, Dopastat has a assortment of responses. Dopamine relaxes the lower esophageal sphincter, delays stomachic voidance, and causes certain arteriolas to increase in diameter. Although non proven, it is believed that Dopastat nervus terminations may be present in the kidneys. Many surveies have been done to understand the function that dopamine dramas in human metamorphosis. These surveies have demonstrated that, much like the other chemicals in the human encephalon, Dopastat is a complex substance that is non yet to the full understood. Bibliography 1. ) Braunwald, Isselbacker, Petersdorf, Wilson, Martin, Fauci. Harrison? s Principles of Internal Medicine. New York, McGraw-Hill Book Company. 2. ) Nash, J. Madeleine. ? The Chemistry of Addiction? , Time Magazine. 1997, May 5. Volume 149, Number 18. pg. 36-43.

The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas free essay sample

One’s Existence by Means of Scapegoating Great writers often infuse their writing with various literary devices to enhance the interpretation and the quality of their writing. Ursula K. LeGuin’s allegorical short story, â€Å"The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas,† is a rich text describes how the use of scapegoats allows a city to function successfully. Thus, the use of scapegoats allows people to justify their own existence. By using the literary devices of allegory, characterization, metaphor and imagery, LeGuin succeeds in taking the reader on both an internally and externally reflective journey. This apocalyptic-type of society is not given a specific setting, and the context can be applied to historical contexts of the past as well as the future. The short story is best interpreted by examining the extended metaphor of allegory. The citizens of Omela live in a society where traditions are upheld without question. They truly believe that their society is harmonious, and even believe it to be a utopia. We will write a custom essay sample on The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However, their blatant neglect of the one child in the village is a comment on the unethical mentality of the majority of this dystopian society. As supported in LeGuin’s story: â€Å"Some of them understood why, and some did not, but they all understand that their happiness, the beauty of their city, the tenderness of their friendships, the health of their children, the wisdom of their scholars, the skill of their makers, even the abundance of their harvest and the kindly weathers of their skies, depend wholly on this child’s abom- inable misery†(LeGuin 326). There could not be an outpouring of support for the unfortunate abominable child. If the Omela society wanted to enjoy all the luxuries of life and good fortune, it had to understand that there had to be a parallel of suffering: Additional evidence supports this:, They knew if the wretched one were not their sniveling in the dark, the other one, the flute player could make no joyful music as the young riders line up in their beauty. For the race in the sunlight for the first morning of summer†(LeGuin 327). In other words, the success of Omelas, its people and its institutions depended on the suffering of one child. If the child did not experience suffering and hardship, the entire system would collapse. LeGuin skillfully uses allegory to explore the sensitive message of scapegoating. LeGuin characterizes the children as innocents, and their hatred and malice was not fully developed. Their ability to scapegoat takes generations of conditioning and tradition. â€Å"They [children] know compassion. It is the existence of the child, and their knowledge of its existence that makes possible the nobility of their architecture, the poignancy of their music, the profundity of their science. It is because of the child that they are so gentle with children. † (LeGuin 327). Here, LeGuin states that bigotry and cruelty are not intrinsic to humanity. These sentiments develop over time and are passed on from generation to generation to generation. The children of Omelas did not understand the suffering of the child. Only through years of conditioning and habituation are these traits acquired. Eventually, the children of Omelas will come to understand the child’s suffering and that it is necessary for the success for their community. When describing the children, LeGuin’s text is particularly rich in imagery. Her writing is precise, and full of details that paint images in the reader’s mind like a mini motion picture. An example of this skillful imagery can be supported in the middle of the story when she is describing the procession of townspeople walking to the Green Fields: The faces of small children are amiably sticky; in the benign gray beard of a man a couple of crumbs of rich pastry are entangled. The youths and girls have mounted their horses and are beginning to group around the starting line of the course. An old woman, small, fat, and laughing, is passing out flowers from a basket, and tall young men wear her flowers in their shining hair. A child of nine or ten sits at the edge of the crowd alone, playing on a wooden flute. †(LeGuin 325). The children’s faces are sticky with what was apparently a pleasantly sweet snack and an older man still reaps crumbs in his beard. The food is obviously plentiful, and amidst the laughing woman passing out flowers to the young gentleman, a young child sits on the outskirts of the crowd serenading them with his/her flute. This passage clearly paints the picture of a perfect utopian society. Only when the story moves forward and the truth is revealed about the society and the desperateness of some of its people to escape, is the imagery even more vivid. The author uses imagery to describe experience and fearfulness of the unknown. For example, the text states: â€Å"Nightfalls, the traveler must pass doen village streets, between the houses of yellow lit w `windows, and on out to the darkness of the fields. Each alone, they go west or north Towards the mountain. The go on. They leave Omelas, they walk ahead into the dark- ness, but they do not come back. The place they go towards even less imaginable to most of us than the city of happiness. I cannot describe it all, it is possible that it does not exist†(LeGuin 327). Here, the author describes how leaving Omelas is a fearful endeavor into the unknown. ‘The ones who leave’, which ironically is the title of the story are the exceptions. They are the few who believe in a moral quest for certainty and happiness. The ones who refuse to allow someone else’s suffering create their own pleasure. These are the brave souls who risk contentment in its obligatory fashion for moral virtue. Although, this is a noble cause, LeGuin describes it as a step into the abysmal unknown. Few people leave Omelas, but the ones that do are painted as stoic, and fearless. Walking towards a place that is unfamiliar and mysterious, only to escape the day to day traditions of suffering and placing blame on others as to feel superior about themselves. This imagery carries a weight that is lofty and a message that is abundantly clear. Throughout the story, â€Å"The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas†, Ursula K. LeGuin infuses her story with the literary devices of allegory, characterization, setting and metaphor to catapult her message. These devices are anything but subtle, and dramatically unveil the author’s message of a society that uses scapegoating as a means to feel superior. This fictitious society can be based on societies of the past, societies of the present, or unfortunately, of societies that are yet to come.

Definition and Examples of Hyponyms in English

Definition and Examples of Hyponyms in English In linguistics  and lexicography, hyponym is a term used to designate a particular member of a broader class. For instance, daisy and rose are hyponyms of flower. Also called a  subtype  or a  subordinate term. Adjective: hyponymic. Words that are hyponyms of the same broader term (that is, a hypernym) are called co-hyponyms. The semantic relationship between each of the more specific words (such as daisy and rose) and the broader term (flower)  is called hyponymy or inclusion. Hyponymy is not restricted to nouns. The verb to see, for example, has several  hyponyms- glimpse, stare, gaze, ogle, and so on.  Edward Finnegan points out that although hyponymy is found in all languages, the concepts that have words in hyponymic relationships vary from one language to the next (Language: Its Structure and Use, 2008). EtymologyFrom the Greek, below name Examples and Observations Hyponymy is a less familiar term to most people than either synonymy or antonymy, but it refers to a much more important sense relation. It describes what happens when we say An X is a kind of YA daffodil is a kind of flower, or simply, A daffodil is a flower.(David Crystal, The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, 2003)Hyponyms of Red[L]et us consider words that have a similar meaning because they belong to the same segment of a domain. For instance, the words pink, scarlet,  orange, hot pink, and pumpkin . . .  are all more marked, specific terms for colors that derive from the color red. . . . These words share many of the semantic properties of the word red. Because these words form a subclass of the word red, they are referred to as hyponyms of red. Similarly, maple, birch, and pine are hyponyms of tree.Hyponyms are  more specific words that constitute a subclass of a more general word.(Bruce M. Rowe and Diane P. Levine,  A Concise Introduction to Linguistics, 4th ed.  Routledge, 2016) A Test for HyponymyHyponymy involves specific instantiations of a more general concept such as holds between horse and animal or vermillion and red or buy and get. In each case, one word provides a more specific type of concept than is displayed by the other. The more specific word is called a hyponym and the more general word is the superordinate which may also be referred to as a hyperonym or hypernym . . .. Where the words being classified according to this relation are nouns, one can test for hyponymy by replacing X and Y in the frame X is a kind of Y and seeing if the result makes sense. So we have (A) horse is a kind of animal but not (An) animal is a kind of horse and so on.(Ronnie Cann, Sense Relations. Semantics: An International Handbook of Natural Language and Meaning, Vol. 1, ed. by Claudia Maienborn, Klaus von Heusinger, and Paul Portner. Walter de Gruyter, 2011)InclusionIn general, there are a number of hyponyms for each superordinate. For example, boar and piglet are a lso hyponyms of the superordinate pig, since the meaning of each of the three words sow, boar, and piglet contains the meaning of the word pig. (Note that in defining a word like sow, boar, or piglet, the superordinate word pig is often used as part of the definition: A sow is an adult female pig.) Thus, it is not surprising that hyponymy is sometimes referred to as inclusion. The superordinate is the included word and the hyponym is the including one.(Frank Parker and Kathryn Riley, Linguistics for Non-Linguists. Allyn and Bacon, 1994) Hierarchical Relationships and Multiple LayersHouse is a hyponym of the superordinate building, but building is in turn, a hyponym of the superordinate structure, and, in its turn, structure is a hyponym of the superordinate thing. A superordinate at a given level can itself be a hyponym at a higher level.(Patrick Griffiths, An Introduction to English Semantics and Pragmatics. Edinburgh University Press, 2006)​Hyponyms and hypernyms have multiple layers, as in the following examples, where fry is a hyponym of the hypernym cook, but fry itself is a hypernym for some other types of frying:Hypernym: cookHyponyms: bake, boil,  grill, fry, steam, roastHypernym:  fryHyponyms:  stir-fry, pan-fry,  sautà ©, deep-fry(Michael Israel, Semantics: How Language Makes Sense. How Languages Work: An Introduction to Language and Linguistics, ed. by  Carol Genetti. Cambridge University Press, 2014)  .   Pronunciation: HI-po-nim

How to Make a Kids Scientist Halloween Costume

How to Make a Kid's Scientist Halloween Costume A scientist Halloween costume is not only very cool, but also easy to make and either free or else inexpensive. Scientist Costume Ideas To make a lab coat, cut a plain white cotton t-shirt or undershirt up the middle (they are knit so they wont unravel).Glasses are always a nice science-y touch. Unless you really wear glasses, you may want to just set them low on your nose and look intelligent peering over them. Try reading glasses, sunglasses, wacky glasses, or safety goggles.You can make a construction paper geeky bow tie, which can be attached to a shirt or lab coat with a safety pin or paper clip.Scientists may or may not wear bow ties, but they do use calculators. If your lab coat has a pocket, stuff it full of pens and a calculator.Use some styling mousse to give your hair that Im too busy thinking science thoughts to comb my hair look. You can spike your hair if you want more of an Ive just been electrocuted look. Zany colors work, too.Print a lab safety symbol and attach it to the lab coat with a safety pin or even double-stick tape. The radioactive symbol is classic, but the biohazard symbol is also quite ni ce. Looking for something a bit more unusual? Try the ionizing radiation or chemical weapon symbol. Dont forget props! This could be a beaker (or glass) filled with dyed water and a bit of dry ice to make a secret, bubbling potion. You could carry a stuffed rat or microbe. A calculator or stopwatch is appropriate, too.

Weekly paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Weekly paper - Essay Example In restaurant operations particularly, while the foods served are enhanced in terms of content, delectability, or design, the owner ought to realize that the service attached to the main commodity must be significantly invested upon as well. By personal experience, it feels great to find out that a certain restaurant consistently makes a sumptuous menu yet due to lack of hospitable crew and stable conduct in addressing customer issues, I am more likely to generate a lasting negative impression. It would turn out this is a delicate matter to cope with in the process. Through Walker’s lesson, I have become contemplative of factors with customer service, human relations, or other intangibles which constitute not just a profitable but even a sensible kind of entrepreneurship. As an aspiring businessman, I have come to acknowledge the essence of perceiving beyond the monetary approach of stabilizing grounds and networks for optimum returns. Executing around intangibles imply responding proactively to challenges with variable connections, properly establishing which forms the key to sustaining overall trust and confidence between the producer and the targeted

Evaluate how the Media Affects Children Psychologically Essay

Evaluate how the Media Affects Children Psychologically - Essay Example they see at a greater rate than elders, when they watch good educational programs on media like television or the internet, they develop problem-solving, mathematical, reading and language proficiency. They learn to be social (Fisch, 2004, p. 191). Their interest in continuing to watch informative television shows increases as they grow older which helps them get higher grades in English, math and science and encourages them to read informative books. They learn to do well in reading and develop language abilities as many shows include simplified speech, repetitions and elaborations of meanings of words. Negative media effects are that children face problems in maintaining long attention span. They face difficulties in concentrating. They do not learn to think on their own. When watched in excess, television viewing becomes an undesirable activity. Excessively watching television shows other than educational ones gets them poor grades in academic achievement tests. Thus, moderation is necessary. Violent media tends to be harmful in developing good behavior and makes children aggressive and violent (Tompkins, 2003). To sum up, media has both positive and negative effects on children. The parents should feel the responsibility to keep a check on their children and teach them to watch any sort of media in moderation so as to reduce any bad effects media may cause on the developing

Challenges Faced By The Virgin Atlantic Commerce Essay

Challenges Faced By The Virgin Atlantic Commerce Essay Nowadays globalization has increased so competitions in business are very high because of making profits the demand increases through customers. There are lots of good smart phone applications, or app, available for smart phones to help every people to travel easier. People are addicted to travel in different places by flights, so they are looking for cheap rate. If this company decrease the flight charges their marketing in business will be in loss. One really good one is flight track. This flight land at fix time and gate number and even allow to see the geographical position of the flight on a map at any time. In this flight offers many facilities like food, water, drinks ,napkins with free of cost travelers make wonderful journey for their trips on this flight.Many airlines such as southwest,jetblue and others have launched applications which let you book your tickets ,lookup schedules and check in all in phones so customers can book tickets through online and tickets were posted in houses. A few days ago virgin Atlantic came out with app and is called JET LAG FIGTHER which seems to have a lot of potentials for people. In some emergency case workers, families in serious can immediately book on this flight. This aircraft is fastest rather than any other aircraft. TASK1 For years theres been something rather lonely about the British airline its very expensive travelers to travel. The food which they provide is not free of cost. The British airline which flies outside the comforting embrace of the big three alliances, despite the 49%stake owned by the Singapore airline a member of star alliances. That could set to change , though with virgin having now admitted to receiving a number of lines of enquiry. Theres something rather inevitable about a deal for virgin. British airways are very expense this aircraft makes difficult to gain their profits. Its a big rival working ever more closely with American airlines and international air transport associations, virgins continuing survival as a lone operator just seems too shaky. Leadership style is the manner and approach of providing direction, implementing plans and motivating people. Kurt Lewis (1939) led a group of researchers to identify different styles of leaderships.The three major style of leadership are AUTHORITIAN OR AUTOCRATIC PARTICIPATVE OR DEMOCRATIC DELEGATING OR FREE REIGN AUTHORITIAN-This style is used when leaders tell their employees what they want done and how they want it accomplished without getting the advice of their followers .Some of the appropriate conditions to use it is when we all the information to solve the problem. Some people tend to think of this style as a vehicle for yelling ,using demeaning language and leading by threats and abusing their powers. PARTICIPATIVE(DEMOCRATIVE)-This style involves the leader including one or more employees in the decision making process. However leader maintains the final decision making authority.Using this style is not a style of weakness, rather it is sign of strength that your employees will respect. This is normally used when you have part of the information and your employees have other parts. DELEGATING OR FREE REIGN-In this style leaders allow to make the decisions. However the leader is still responsible for the decisions that are made.This is used when employees are able to analyse the situations and determine what needs to be done and how to do it. Leadership is organizing a group of people to achieve a common goal. The leader may or may not have formal authority.Students of leadership have produced theories involving traits. 1.situational,interaction,function,behavior,power,visionand values. 2.charishma and intelligence and among others Sir Richard Charles Nicholas Branson is a British entrepreneur best known for his virgin group of over 400companies His first successful business venture was a magazine called student at age 16.In 1970 he set up an audio record mail order business. In 1972 he opened a chain of record stores .Virgin Records later known as virgin megastores.Bransons virgin brand grew during the 1980.Branson mainly has lots of business he earned more profit for virgin atlantic.He wants to continue his business for a long time. Once he caught arrested and charged selling in virgin stores that had been declared export stock .He settled out of court with uk customs and Excise with an agreement to repay the unpaid tax and a fine. Earning enough money from his record stores. Branson in 1972 launched the record level and a country estate in which he installing a recorded studio. He have lots of professional work and have good idea to build up the companies. DETERMINING ORGANIZATION DIRECTION 1. Through an interpretation of information gathered during environmental analysis managers can determine the direction in which an organization should move. 2. Important ingredients of organizational direction are organizational Mission and organizational objectives. DETERMINING ORGANIZATIONAL MISSION: The most common initial act in establishing organizational direction is an organizational mission. The statement that describes the mission talks about the target market which in this case is families, geographic, domain of neighbourhoods. It also talks about its strategy t be profitable by providing good customer service through friendly and knowledgeable people. It is essential to look into external influences like labour, conditions, competitors, government rules while considering mission statement. Companys mission statement should define stakeholders expected return along with the measurement of the performance of the company through those returns. The expected profit too should be included in the organizations mission. Moreover, the company should come to consensus as to what all areas should be measured like margin growth, efficiency, competitive cost position, product quality, market share etc. A missions statement sets the boundaries for how resources should be allocated and what strategic and operational goals should be set. The mission statement should acknowledge the companys strength and then inform employees where to direst their efforts in order to take advantage of those strength. It is often helpful to allow companywide input when creating a mission statement. Employees from throughout the organization can help identify the core values of the company. It is important to keep in mind that there will be a draft process involving in creating the mission statement. Employees can often provide invaluable insight on how to improve on each draft. In the end the mission statement should reflect the personality of the organization. Thus each company should be creative and unique in developing its own statement. Creating a mission committee that consists of members of management, frontline employees. Communicating the mission statement to customers to make them feel valued a nd important. It can be sending to customers in a mass mailing or posted or signs in areas those customers frequent. It sets the forth the goals of the organizations so customers know what to expect when doing business with the company. Mission and vision statements give organizations a focus and a strategy for the future. Setting up meetings with members of management and frontline employees can often help uncover areas where the company does not meet the standard sets by the mission statement, SWOT ANALYSIS Organizations should begin first by reviewing internal strengths and weakness. When analyzing an organizations strength is important to identify distinctive competencies or strength possessed by only a few competing firms. These distinctive competencies often become the competitive advantage that is included in the mission statement. Distinctive competencies can be found in the financial resources, quality product and services, proprietary technology or cost advantage. Organizational weakness is skills and capabilities that prevent an organization from implementing strategies that achieve its mission. They can be problem with facilities, lack of clear strategic direction, internal operating problems, too narrow a product line, weak market image, or the inability to financial changes. The next step is to identify external opportunities are circumstances in an organizations environment that if capitalized on will result in above normal increases in economic performance. In conclusion mission statement provides a sense of direction and purpose. In times of change and growth they can be an anchor and a guide in decision makings. The benefit far outweigh the disadvantages and challenges when looking at the potential for increase in profitability and returns .Defining an organization by what it produce and who it satisfies are the main target towards creating a sound and stable mission statement. Setting a company apart from the competition is one of the biggest advantages. Task-3 There are two major components to your marketing strategy: how your enterprise will address the competitive market place how you will implement and support your day to day operations In todays every competitive market place a strategy that insures a consistent approach to offering your product its all up to customers how much they required. It is of little value to have a strategy if you lack either the resources or the expertise to implement it. In the process of creating a marketing strategy you must consider many factors. Of those many factors some are more important than others.Because each strategy must address some unique considerations its not reasonable to identify every important factor at a general level. If the market is very attractive and your enterprise is one of the strongest in the industry you will want to invest your best resources in support of your offerings. If the market is very attractive and your enterprise is one of the weaker ones in the industry. A cost leadership strategy based on the concept that you produce and market good quality product or service at lower cost than your competitors. These low cost should translate to profit margins that are higher than the industry average. Some of the conditions that should exist to support a cost leadership strategy include an ongoing availability of operating capital, good process engineering skills, close management of labor, products designed for ease of manufacturing and low cost distribution. A differentiation strategy is one of the creating a product or service that is perceived is being unique throughout the industry. The emphasis can be a brand image, proprietary technology, special features, and superior services, a strong distributor network or other aspects that might be specific to your industry .This uniqueness should also translate to profit margins that are higher than the industry average. In addition some of the conditions that should exist to support a differentiation strategy include strong marketing abilities, effective product engineering, creative personal the ability to perform basic research and a good reputation. A focus strategy may be the most sophisticated of the generic strategies, in that it is a more intense form of either the cost leadership or differentiation strategy. It is designed to address a focused segment of the marketplace, product form or cost management process and is usually employed when it isnt appropriate to attempt an across the board application of cost leadership or differentiations. It is based on the concept of serving a particular target in such an exceptional manner, those others cannot compete. Usually this means addressing a substantially smaller market segment than others in the industry, but because of minimal competitions, profit margin can be high. CUSTOMER SERVICES The strength of the customer service function has a strong influence on long term market success. Factors to consider include. .Experience of the customers service manager in the areas of similar offerings and customer quality control, technical support, product documentation, sales and marketing. The availability of technical to service your offerings after it is purchased. one or more factors that causes your customer support to stand out as unique in the eyes of the customer service. Accessibility of service outlets for the customer. The reputation of the enterprise for the customer service. PROFIT POTENTIAL Potential for competitive retaliation is based on the competitors resources, commitment to the industry, cash position and predictability as well as the status of the market. The enterprises ability to construct entry barriers to competitions such as the creation of high switching costs, gaining substantial benefit from economic of scale ,exclusive access to or clogging of distributional channels and the ability to clearly differentiate your offerings from the competitions. the ability of the enterprise to limit suppliers bargaining power. The availability of substitute solutions to the prospects need. Market potential for new products considering market growth, prospects need for your offerings and the competition and the degrees of the prospect needs. The freedom of the enterprise to make critical business decisions without undue influence from distributors, suppliers, unions, investors, and other influence. COST TO ENTER MARKET This is an analysis of the factors that will influence your cost to achieve significant market penetration. Factors to consider include. your marketing strength. Access to low cost materials and effective productions. The experience of your enterprise. The complexity of introduction problems such as lack of adherence to industry standards, unavailability of materials, poor quality products, regulatory problems, and the inability to explain the benefits of the offerings to the prospects. The effectiveness of the enterprise infrastructure in terms of organization, recruiting capabilities, employee benefit programs, customer support facilities and logistical capabilities. Distribution effectiveness as measured by the history of relations, the extent of channel utilizations ,financial facilities stability, reputations ,access to prospects and familiarity with your offering. Technological efforts likely to be successful as measured by the strength of the development organization. The availability of adequate operating capital. PRODUCTION The strength of the production manager including experience with personnel management, current and new technologies, complex projects and equipments, tools used by the manufacturing personnel. Economies of scale allowing the sharing of production and the potential for vertical integration. Technology and production experience. The necessary production personnel skill level and or the enterprises ability to hire or train qualified personnel. The ability of the enterprise to limit suppliers bargaining power. The ability of the enterprise to control the quality of raw materials and product. Adequate access to raw materials and sub-assembly production. TECHNOLOGY INNOVATIONS Technology is an outgoing process and BAS competition like virgin Atlantic is also in for the challenge .Virgin Atlantic airlines invested in innovative features that distinguish the company name. The use of information technology and internet are key factors in BAS strategy success and efficiency of the organizations. British Airways recognized this opportunity and turned in to one of its strength. On the other hand Technology advancements may also be a threat to the airline industry. As an example video conferencing may reduce business travel. Another example its internet bookings which are allowing greater price transparency thus leading to aggressive price battles between competitions, resulting in less profit marketing and leading to a less effective financial positions. MARKETING STRATEGY BA lacks of a marketing strategy to win customer loyalty. A weakness that has to be addressed by the organization. It is argued that BA is growing thanks to the globalization and travelers needs rather than to the effectiveness of the marketing campaigns. Despite the great infrastructure hosted by the company.BA needs to carry out better marketing schemes to attract prospective travelers .The company suffers from a deprivation of strategic management strategy to keep its goal aligned with growing market trends to match needs of the future. Virgin Atlantic is being proactive and is currently reviewing it global advertising strategy in a move to increase its advertising effectiveness that could lead to an overhaul of its worldwide arrangement. MAKING STRATEGIC PLANNING MORE EFFECTIVE Rigby has found there is no co relation between satisfaction with financial results and the number or type of strategic management tools used by an organization. The connection between strategies and business results is not perfect because reality usually interference. Reality may interfere internally as when a company is unable to execute its intended strategy, or externally as when events such as competitive response, technological innovation or societal trends affect the business environment. As a result of this week connection the planning process has a limited ability to influence the strategic direction of the enterprise .Most planning process does not work very well. Simpson offered some tips on what planners could do to improve the effectiveness of the planning process. He suggested minimizing the size of the planning function, expanding participation in the planning process, and keeps planning as far away from finance as possible. He noted that a large planning staff tends just to create work and that is important for managers of the functions and business unit to do their own planning .In this way they do the thinking have the insights and are invested in the implementation and results. The business needs to own their plans and against having the corporate planning staff review and critique and an operating department plans. While reducing the size of the planning staff .Planning must become non-elitist and less exclusionary, understanding what business they are in and what value the organization adds. The organization is purpose and strategy flow from the business data. THE THREAT OF TECHNOLOGY Common practices of good management, according to Professor Clayton often sow the seeds of eventual failure; because they are biased towards incremental improvement rather than radical change .He identify two types of technological change, very few established companies have managed to stay top of the change and stay ahead of upstairs competitors. Adopting these disruptive technologies would have caused currently lucrative product lines to become obsolete more rapidly .Companies stumble in the face of technological change for all kinds of reasons, including complacency and arrogance. Failure may be the price of success as companies become captive to once successful paradigms. The gap between what the market requires and what technology is providing creates opportunities for the introduction of radically new technologies. Discontinuities occur when a new technology gives the market smaller, cheaper products with fewer features, less performance or lower quality. Disruptive technologies will not have all the features valued by the mainstream market but may very well serve the needs of the significant portion or an emerging the ability to record. TASK-4 LEADERSHIP SKILL Having this process in place is vital to the organization because the individual identified in the plan will eventually be responsible for ensuring the company is able to tackle future challenges. These high potential candidates must be carefully selected and then provided training and development that gives them skills and competencies needed for tomorrows business environment. Another reason its important is because these high potential will one day become the leaders of the company. This is why their development needs to incorporate a broad range of learning opportunities in your organizations. The individuals should also exposed to as much of the working environment as possible that they gain a good understanding of what the company requires to remain successful. Succession planning is one of those initiatives that many companies dont find the time to start until its too late. If you dont address succession planning now your organization may end up facing the burden in the middle of a crisis. Finally organization understand the need to manage the development of their high performers are step ahead of their competitors. The effort required to establish a development program for future leaders is worthwhile because it creates motivated and capable groups of employees that are ready to move forward in the organization when the need arise. Succession planning is not something a well run company consequences is not being prepared to replace key personnel will have a major impact on organizations ability to achieve its goal and strategic targets. The succession planning needs to be consider as part of the companys strategic planning process because it deals with projecting future changes by anticipating management vacancies and then determining how to meet these challenges. The group turnover is in billions consisting of over 200 companies. The differences in approach from a typical multinational company are: 1) LONG TERM PLANNING-The group is privately held and in the decision making public investors are not involved. Hence the decision is taken from the long term growth perspective. The group does not need to focus on short term profit to show performance in the stock market. 2) COMPANIES OPERATE INDEPENDENTLY-The group is loosely structured under common brand name .The private companies run safely. 3) Containing company wise risk-When a company grows beyond a specific size, the company is divided in two or more. These keep company manageable and while minimizing the impact of its failure in the group. 4) NEW PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION -The group identifies new market and product based on the analysis of the existing market. The existing market for the new market is frequently either a monopoly or oligopoly.

Chinese Lion Dance

Chinese Lion Dance The lion dance is a traditional dance performed in the Chinese culture. The performers mimic the moves of the lion inside a costume that looks in a way like a lion. Many people who are not very familiar with the Lion Dance often gets it confused with the Dragon Dance, since both are performed, for the most part, for the same occasions. It is simple to tell the two dances apart. The Lion Dance is performed most of the time with only two people. The Dragon Dance is performed with many people.In the Dragon Dance multiple people are inside the dragon costume holding up poles, whereas in the Lion Dance, there is someone holding the head of the lion and another person in the back of the lion costume acting as a rear of the lion. Lions were not originally from China. They came there through what was called the Silk Road. The rulers in what is today known as Iran and Afghanistan sent the lions over to the Chinese emperors as a gift in exchange to get the right to trade wit h the Silk Road merchants. This form of Lion Dance dates all the way back to the Han Dynasty, which was from 205 B.C. E. to 220 C. E. in China. The peak of the Lion Dance was during the Tang Dynasty, which was from 716 to 907 C. E. It was mainly danced during religious festivals to celebrate. The dance eventually became so famous that it was exported to Japan as a formal court entertainment. The Lion Dance soon made its way to Korea and Taiwan. The Lion Dance is not exactly the same in all the countries, but the meaning and symbol of the dance are similar. There are many different stories of how the Lion Dance got its origins. One famous story is called â€Å"The Emperor’s Dream. This story states how the emperor of the Tang Dynasty had a dream about how a strange creature came to his rescue. When he described his dream to some advisors, they told him that the creature he described resembled that of a lion, a creature from the Western Hemisphere. The emperor then created the lion dance to honor the creature which saved his life inside of his dream. Another story of how the Lion Dance got its origins is called â€Å"The Story of the ‘Nian’. † Legends say that there was a fierce monster by the name of â€Å"Nian† that liked to kidnap children.He attacked villages every year until one year, a lion defeated the â€Å"Nian† and chased it away. The monster promised that it will be back to seek revenge. This time the villagers did not have a lion to protect themselves. As a result, they solved the problem by creating a costume like that of a lion and two villagers wore the costume to scare â€Å"Nian† away. This is the reason the lion dance is performed every Chinese New Year, so that â€Å"Nian† would not come back. The legend also says that loud noises from the drum, other instruments, and firecrackers helped scare the â€Å"Nian† away.The color red is worn during the New Year’s celebration becau se it was also believed that the â€Å"Nianâ€Å", was afraid of the color red. The word â€Å"Nian,† thought the yearly ceremony, has become the Chinese word for year. There are two different styles of the Chinese Lion Dance, the Southern Style and the Northern Style. The older and traditional form of Chinese Lion Dance is the Southern Style. The Chinese Southern Lion Dance originated from Guangdong, a providence of China. The costumes of Lion Dance vary widely, but the lion head designs shows much differences.The traditional Fo Shan Lion, has bristles instead of fur and weighs more than the current costumes. The tails are extremely long and are perpendicular to the head for three fourths of the tail's length. The eyes also move left and right. On the back of the costume, there are gold foiled rims and traditional characters saying the group’s name. Older Liu Bei lions also have black in the tail, while the new ones do not. The Gwan Gung has a red and black tail wit h white trim. The Huang Joon has a full yellow tail with white trim. The Zhang Fei has a black and white tail with white trim and a white underside.The Zhao Zi Long lion is a green lion with a green tail with black trim and also a white underside. All the traditional style Fo Shan have pop-up teeth, tongue, swivelling eyes, and a gold gilded area on the back for the school's name and also the underside of the tail is white. The designs of the tail are also squarer and contain a diamond pattern going down the back; it is also common to see and hear bells attached to the tail. Although most lion dance costumes comes with a set of matching pants, some practitioners use black Kung-Fu pants to look more traditional. The Wong people perform the lion dance using this type of lion.The newer styles of lions for Fo Shan replace all the bristles with fur and the tails are shorter than the traditional ones. They eyes are fixed in place, and the tongue and teeth do not pop up. The tail is curvie r in design. The tail does not have a diamond pattern, and lacks bells. In addition, the dancers wear flashier pants which lack the ease of movement allowed when wearing Kung-Fu pants. The Chinese Northern Style of Chinese Lion Dance is performed usually with two lions. The lions of the North have shaggy orange and yellow hair. The way to tell these lions apart by gender is to see the bow on the head.The females don a green bow while the male lions wear a red bow. Acrobatics are very common with the Northern Style, with stunts like lifts or balancing on a giant ball. Northern lions sometimes appear as a family, with two large â€Å"adult† lions and a pair of small â€Å"young lions†. Different colors on the costumes of the lions represent the different elements of life. The yellow represents earth, black represents water, green represents wood, red represents fire, and white represents metal. The nose of the lions is usually a green color. Green symbolizes good luck, p rosperity, and the â€Å"influence of heaven. Attached to the forehead of the lion is a mirror. The mirror is said to scare away evil spirits by reflecting their own image against them, and also the ability to travel between heaven and earth. The costumes of the lions used for Chinese Lion Dance can only be custom made in specialty craft shops in rural parts of China and have to be imported at considerable expense for foreign countries outside Asia. For groups in Western countries, such as the United States, is made possible through funds raised through subscriptions and pledges made by members of local cultural and business societies.Special hand-made costumes with different add-ons can run up to 2000 dollars on some websites. Some countries, like Malaysia for example, has a really big Chinese population. As a result, local expertise may be available in making the lion costumes and musical instruments without having to get them imported from China. The head of the lion contains a symbol of many different animals itself. The horn is shaped like a bird for the phoenix, symbol for life and regeneration, also associated with representing the female element.The ears and the tail are shaped like a mystical creature, the Chinese unicorn, representing wisdom and good luck. The spine represents the snake, charm and wealth. The back hump of the head represents the tortoise which is the symbol for living a long life. The forehead and the beard are from the dragon, strength, leadership and the male element. The music associated to the Lion Dance is with instruments used live, right next to the performers. The music of drums, cymbals, and gongs are heard and the dance is synchronized with the beat of the song.There are also firecrackers, which is used to add on to the sounds as well. During Chinese New Year, different groups from different Chinese martial art schools visit the house and businesses of the Chinese community to perform what is called â€Å"cai ching. † The word â€Å"cai ching† translates to â€Å"plucking the greens. † What this is, is when a lion goes on a quest or journey to pluck the green, normally vegetables, like lettuce which in Chinese called â€Å"cai† and fruits like oranges tied to a â€Å"Red Envelope† containing money; either hang highly or just put on a table in front of the premises.The lion will dance to approach the â€Å"cai† and red envelope in a manner of that of a curious cat. It will then get the vegetable and red envelope. After, the cat will â€Å"eat the vegetable† (rip it up and throw it back out), and keep the red envelope containing money for their group. The lion dance is said to bring good luck and fortune to the businesses. Not only is the dance only done during Chinese New Year, but also in other religious festivals, business openings, birthday celebrations, and wedding celebrations.In the old days, the lettuce was hung 15 to 20 feet above ground and onl y a well-trained martial artist could reach the money while dancing with a heavy lion head. These events became challenging so a very large sum of money was rewarded, and the audience expected a good show. Sometimes, if lions from multiple martial arts schools approached the lettuce at the same time, the lions are supposed to â€Å"fight† to decide a winner. The lions had to fight with lion moves instead of chaotic street fighting styles. The audience would judge the quality of the martial art schools according to how the lions fought.Since the schools' reputation was at stake, the fights were usually fierce but civilized. The winner lion would then use creative methods and martial art skills to reach the high-hanging reward. Some lions may dance on bamboo stilts and some may step on human pyramids formed by students of the school to reach the â€Å"cai ching. † The performers and the schools would gain praise and respect on top of the large money reward when they did well. During the 1950’s to 1960’s, areas with many Chinese communities, such as Chinatown, had people who resembled that of a gangster who joined these Chinese Lion Dance groups.There were lots of fights between these Lion Dance groups and kung fu schools. This worried many parents, which caused the parents to avoid letting their children join these schools. During festivals and performances, when Lion Dance groups met up, there would be fights between the groups. Some lifts and acrobatic tricks are designed for the lion to â€Å"fight† and knock over other rival lions. Performers even hid daggers in their shoes and clothes, which could be used to injure other lion dancers’ legs.Some even attached a metal horn on their lion’s forehead, which could be used to slash other lion heads. The violence got so extreme that at one point that the Hong Kong government had to put a stop to lion dance completely. Now Lion Dance groups must attain a permit from t he government in order to perform the Lion Dance. Although there is still a certain degree of competitiveness, the groups are a lot less violent and aggressive than they were in the 1950’s to 1960’s. In modern day, the Chinese Lion Dance is seen as a sport and is more of something to do during free time.